This is the code we developed in Lesson 17 in order to create a 3D visual of an accurate analog clock. This code will serve as the starting point for lesson #18.
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from vpython import * import numpy as np import time clockR=1 clockT=clockR/10 majorTickL=clockR/7 majorTickT=2*np.pi*clockR/400 majorTickW=clockT*1.2 minorTickL=clockR/12 minorTickT=2*np.pi*clockR/600 minorTickW=clockT*1.2 minuteHandL=clockR-majorTickL minuteHandT=minuteHandL/25 minuteHandOffset=clockT/2+minuteHandT hourHandL=.75*minuteHandL hourHandT=minuteHandT*1.25 hourHandOffset=clockT+hourHandT secondHandL=clockR-majorTickL/2 secondHandT=minuteHandL/50 secondHandOffset=clockT*1.5+minuteHandT hubRadius=clockT/2 hourAngle=np.pi/2 minuteAngle=np.pi/2 minInc=.0001 hourInc=minInc/12 secondAngle=np.pi/2 secondInc=minInc*60 for theta in np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,13): majorTick=box(axis=vector(clockR*np.cos(theta),clockR*np.sin(theta),0), color=color.black, length=majorTickL, width=majorTickW, height=majorTickT, pos=vector((clockR-majorTickL/2)*np.cos(theta),(clockR-majorTickL/2)*np.sin(theta),0)) for theta in np.linspace(0,2*np.pi,61): minorTick=box(axis=vector(clockR*np.cos(theta),clockR*np.sin(theta),0), color=color.black, length=minorTickL, width=minorTickW, height=minorTickT, pos=vector((clockR-minorTickL/2)*np.cos(theta),(clockR-minorTickL/2)*np.sin(theta),0)) clockFace=cylinder(axis=vector(0,0,1),color=vector(0,1,.8),length=clockT, radius=clockR,pos=vector(0,0,-clockT/2)) minuteHand=arrow(axis=vector(0,1,0),color=color.red,shaftwidth=minuteHandT,length=minuteHandL, pos=vector(0,0,minuteHandOffset)) hourHand=arrow(axis=vector(0,1,0),color=color.red,shaftwidth=hourHandT,length=hourHandL, pos=vector(0,0,hourHandOffset)) secondHand=arrow(axis=vector(0,1,0),color=color.red,shaftwidth=secondHandT,length=secondHandL, pos=vector(0,0,secondHandOffset)) hub=cylinder(axis=vector(0,0,1),color=color.red, radius=hubRadius, length= 2*clockT) while True: rate(5000) hour=time.localtime(time.time())[3] if hour>12: hour=hour-12 minute=time.localtime(time.time())[4] second=time.localtime(time.time())[5] hourAngle=-(hour/12)*2*np.pi+np.pi/2 minuteAngle=-(minute/60)*2*np.pi+np.pi/2 secondAngle=-(second/60)*2*np.pi+np.pi/2 print(second) hourHand.axis=vector(hourHandL*np.cos(hourAngle),hourHandL*np.sin(hourAngle),0) minuteHand.axis=vector(minuteHandL*np.cos(minuteAngle),minuteHandL*np.sin(minuteAngle),0) secondHand.axis=vector(secondHandL*np.cos(secondAngle),secondHandL*np.sin(secondAngle),0) |